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Objective:To establish the fingerprint of Bupleuri Radix with Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) method and combining Principal Component Analysis to evaluate the quality of Bupleuri Radix in different areas. Methods:Acquity UPLC BEH-C 18 (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) column was used with acetonitrile (A)-water (B) solution, gradient elution. The column temperature was 30 ℃, the flow rate was 0.3 ml/min, and the detection wavelength was 200 nm, injection volume 5 μl. Results:There were 7 common peaks in the UPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of medicinal materials, and the similarity was 0.940-0.975. Through the principal component analysis, the cumulative contribution rate of three main component factors was 90.977%,and comprehensive score of S5 (Hubei) was the highest with the best quality.Conclusions:There are certain quality differences of different areas in Bupleuri Radix. Through the combination of fingerprint and principal component analysis, it can provide reference for quality control, development and application of Bupleuri Radix.
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Objective:To investigate the feasibility of individualized primary clinical target volume (CTV) delineation in intensity-modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods:Clinical data of 87 consecutive patients newly diagnosed with lateralized NPC in Jiangsu Cancer Hospital between October 2016 and February 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Lateralized NPC is defined as tumor invasion not exceeding the contralateral wall. According to the tumor spread, the primary CTV was optimized as follows: CTV2 only covered the medial part of the contralateral pterygopalatine fossa, whereas the contralateral foramen oval was not included; on the level of parapharyngeal space, the contralateral side of CTV only covered the posterior lateral lymph nodes, whereas the contralateral internal jugular vein was not regularly covered. Failure patterns and 5-year survival [local control rate (LCR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS)] were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method. Paired t-test and rank-sum test were used to analyze the dose variation in the optimized region and adverse reactions. Results:The median follow-up time was 59.5 months. The 5-year LCR, PFS, and OS were 98.9%, 86.5% and 92.1%, respectively. There was no local recurrence in the optimized area of CTV. Dosimetric comparison results showed that the doses of parotid gland, temporal lobe, cochlea and middle ear on the contralateral side were reduced by 13.45%, 9.14%, 38.83%, and 29.36%, respectively. Four cases (4.6%) developed grade 3 hearing loss, all on the ipsilateral side. The optimized scheme significantly alleviated the hearing loss on the contralateral side compared to that on the ipsilateral side ( P<0.001). Other grade 3 late adverse reactions included cranial nerve injury, subcutaneous fibrosis in the neck and visual impairment, with 1 case each. Conclusion:Individualized primary CTV for lateralized NPC is feasible and safe, with obvious dosimetric advantages and reduced adverse reaction rate, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
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Objective:To explore the pathological differences of surgically resected specimens of advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) to different neoadjuvant therapies (neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy and toripalimab combined with neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy).Methods:Thirty patients diagnosed with advanced ESCC who underwent surgical operation after neoadjuvant therapy in Jiangsu Cancer Hospital from October 2020 to September 2021 were included. Among them, 15 patients received neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (radiochemotherapy group) and 15 patients were treated with toripalimab combined with radiochemotherapy (immunotherapy combined with radiochemotherapy group). Surgically resected specimens were collected. The histopathological features of primary esophageal lesions and the responses of involved lymph nodes were analyzed and compared between two groups.Results:The major pathological response (MPR) rate in the radiochemotherapy group was 10/15, and 14/15 in the immunotherapy combined with radiochemotherapy group ( P=0.17). The pathological complete response (pCR) rate of the primary lesions in the radiochemotherapy group was 7/15, and 10/15 in the immunotherapy combined with radiochemotherapy group ( P=0.46). In the radiochemotherapy group, the incidence rate of tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) was 7/15, and 12/15 in the immunotherapy combined with radiochemotherapy group ( P=0.02). The incidence rate of necrosis in the radiochemotherapy group was 6/15, and 1/15 in the immunotherapy combined with radiochemotherapy group ( P=0.03). In addition, the incidence rate of foam cell infiltration in the radiochemotherapy group was 6/15, and 13/15 in the immunotherapy combined with radiochemotherapy group ( P=0.01). Furthermore, the pCR rate of involved lymph nodes in the radiochemotherapy group was 7/33, and 11/12 in the immunotherapy combined with radiochemotherapy group ( P<0.001). Conclusion:Compared with the radiochemotherapy group, the incidence of TLS and foam cell infiltration is higher, the incidence of necrosis is lower and clinical efficacy of involved lymph nodes is higher in the immunotherapy combined with radiochemotherapy group, prompting that toripalimab combined with neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy exert higher synergistic immune effect.
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Objective:To analyze DNA methylation sites related to fibrosis and autophagy in human hepatic stellate cells (LX-2 cells) induced by sodium arsenite (NaAsO 2), and to screen specific methylation genes related to fibrosis and autophagy. Methods:Genome-wide DNA detection was performed using Illumina Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChips (850K methylation chip) to derive differential methylation sites in LX-2 cells (control group) and the fibrosis and autophagy models of LX-2 cells induced by NaAsO 2(low, medium and high dose groups: the final concentrations were 5, 10, 15 μmol/L NaAsO 2, respectively, after 48 h intervention). Gene ontology (GO) function enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway enrichment analysis were used to explore gene function. Results:The model of cell fibrosis and autophagy was established successfully in high dose group. The results of 850K methylation chip detection showed that there were 25 817 significant different methylation sites between the high dose group and the control group, including 12 083 hypermethylation sites and 13 734 hypomethylation sites. GO function enrichment analysis showed that the molecular functions of differentially methylated genes mainly included protein binding, ion binding, catalytic activity, enzyme binding. KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis showed that the pathways involved in differentially methylated genes mainly included metabolic pathway, cancer pathway, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) signaling pathway, endocytosis, and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. In the promoter region, 11 and 29 differentially methylated genes related to fibrosis and autophagy were screened, respectively.Conclusions:A large number of differential methylation sites exist in the process of NaAsO 2 induced fibrosis and autophagy of LX-2 cells. Specific methylation genes related to fibrosis and autophagy are screened out.
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Over the past decade, remarkable progress has been made in prevention and control of endemic diseases in China through implementation of the 12th and the 13th Five-Year National Plans for Prevention and Control of Endemic Diseases and the Three-Year Action Plan for Special Prevention and Control of Endemic Diseases. Based on the latest monitoring data of endemic diseases and the evaluation results of the control and elimination of endemic diseases of the 13th Five-Year Plan, this paper analyzed current main problems in prevention and control of endemic diseases in China, focusing on implementation of prevention and control measures for iodine deficiency disorders, endemic fluorosis, and endemic arsenicosis, as well as the treatment and management of patients. Accordingly, corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from three aspects, including prevention and control mechanism, implementation of prevention and control measures, and scientific research, so as to provide scientific basis for the country and various regions to consolidate the achievements of prevention and control of endemic diseases and accurately implement the prevention and control measures of endemic diseases.
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In the past 10 years, remarkable progress has been made in prevention and control of endemic diseases in China through implementation of the National Plan for Prevention and Control of Endemic Diseases during the "12th Five Year Plan" and the "13th Five Year Plan" and the Three-year Action Plan for Tackling Key Problems in Prevention and Control of Endemic Diseases. Based on analysis of the monitoring data of endemic diseases in China for 10 consecutive years, this paper summarized the progress made in prevention and control of endemic diseases in China, discussed the main problems faced at present, and put forward key tasks of prevention and control of the diseases in the future.
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Drinking brick-tea type of endemic fluorosis is a kind of chronic fluorosis caused by excessive intake of fluoride into the body from long-term and high consumption of brick-tea, milk tea, butter tea, or other tea drinks with high fluoride content. It mainly distributes in seven western provinces of China, including Tibet Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, Sichuan Province, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Gansu Province, and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. In order to govern the production and sale of brick-tea and control the epidemic of drinking brick-tea type of endemic fluorosis, the former Ministry of Health of China issued the national standard "Fluoride Content of Brick-tea" (GB 19965-2005) in 2005, which stipulated that the total amount of water-soluble inorganic fluorine in brick-tea should not exceed 300 mg/kg. In the past 20 years, the prevalence of drinking brick-tea type of endemic fluorosis in China became clear gradually, and the habit of drinking brick-tea of residents in the epidemic fluorosis area also changed to some extent. In this paper, the dose-effect relationship between fluoride intake from brick-tea and skeletal fluorosis is reviewed, the brick-tea consumption of residents in the endemic fluorosis areas is analyzed, and the safety risk of brick-tea fluoride exposure is evaluated. It is suggested that the fluoride limit of brick-tea, ≤300 mg/kg, is still suitable for the prevention and control of drinking brick-tea type of endemic fluorosis in China at the present stage.
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Inorganic arsenic is an environmental carcinogen. Arsenic exposure is closely related to diabetes. Obesity is an important risk factor for diabetes, and excess energy is the main cause of obesity. High-fat diet feeding is a common method of modeling obese animals. This paper reviews the research progress of diabetes induced by arsenic and the combined exposure of arsenic and high-fat diet in mice. It is found that the diabetes induced by arsenic in mice is mainly manifested in glucose intolerance, and arsenic can aggravate the glucose intolerance caused by high-fat diet, but the diabetes induced by arsenic and its mechanism are different from the typical type 2 diabetes caused by high-fat diet.
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Objective To fabricate a foldable microplate for single cell culture and establish finite element model of the folding microplate, so as to calculate traction force of single cells during contraction in three-dimensional (3D) state.Methods The folding angle of the microplate casued by cell traction force was calculated. Then the relation between bending moment and folding angle as well as the relation between traction force and bending moment were derived by using finite element simulation, so as to realize the characterization of traction force for singel cell in 3D state.Results The folding angles of the microplate with HSF and MC3T3-E1 cells in 3D state were 73°-173° and 49°-138°, respectively. The single cell traction forces of HSF and MC3T3-E1 cells were 55-210 nN and 52-161 nN, respectively.Conclusions The proposed method for measuring traction force of single cells in 3D state by fabricating the foldable microplate for single cell culture will provide some references for further development of calculating traction forces in 3D cell adhesion, spreading and migration.
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Objective To evaluate cardiovascular benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with the marketed 11 sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and glucagon-like polypeptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonism by Bayesian network meta-analysis system. Methods MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched from the establishment of the database to 18 July 2020. The endpoint of the study was adverse cardiovascular events. The effect measures were hazard ratios (HR) and 95% credible intervals (CI). Results Compared with placebo, empagliflozin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, albiglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide reduced the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes with HR and 95% CI ranging between 0.75(0.60-0.95)~0.90(0.82-0.99); The risk of heart failure was reduced by empagliflozin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and ertugliflozin, with HR and 95%CI ranging between 0.64(0.49-0.82)~0.74(0.65-0.85); Empagliflozin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, exenatide, liraglutide and oral semaglutide reduced the incidence of all-cause mortality with HR and 95%CI ranging between 0.52(0.33-0.84)~0.89(0.80-0.99); Empagliflozin, canagliflozin, liraglutide and oral semaglutide can reduce the risk of cardiovascular death events, with HR and 95% CI ranging between 0.54(0.30-0.95)~0.83(0.71-0.96) . Conclusion The order of the cardiovascular benefits of SGLT-2 inhibitors or GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease are canagliflozin (the best), empagliflozin, dulaglutide, liraglutide; for patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure. The order of the cardiovascular benefits for patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure are empagliflozin, canagliflozin, ertugliflozin, and dapagliflozin.
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Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have paid great attention to the prevention and control of endemic diseases. Through the implementation of the prevention and control measures of endemic diseases, especially the implementation of the "Six Major Actions" to tackle key problems in "three years' project", all kinds of diseases have met the relevant requirements. The prevention and control of endemic diseases in China has achieved remarkable results and made historic achievements. However, risk challenges remain. At present, there are still some problems in the management and treatment of patients with iodine deficiency disorders, water-borne iodine excess goiter, drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis and drinking tea-borne endemic fluorosis in China, which need to be solved by strengthening the prevention and control efforts.
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Based on the general goal of the medium and long term development of basic science from 2021 to 2035 and the "14th Five-Year Plan" in China, combined with the national strategic needs, this paper discusses the five priority development areas of endemiology according to the development trends and characteristics of endemiology in the next 5 - 15 years. The five areas are study on the pathogenesis and prevention measures of endemic fluorosis; study on risk assessment, pathogenic mechanism and control strategy of environmental arsenic exposure; research on the basis and application transformation of the pathogenesis of iodine nutrition-related diseases; molecular mechanism and targeted intervention of cartilage injury in Kashin-Beck disease; precise prevention and treatment, preservation of biological samples and etiology study of Keshan disease. Combined with the scientific significance and national strategic needs of various field, the authors analyze its main study directions and core scientific issues.
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According to the general goal of long term development of basic science from 2021 to 2035 and the "14th Five-Year Plan" in China, starting from the reasearch characteristics and the basic situation of endemiology, this study discusses the strategic position, development law, development trend, development status and layout, development goals and realization ways of endemiology, combined with the strategic needs of the discipline, the important interdisciplinary research areas of endemiology are put forward. The purpose of this study is to promote the rapid development of basic research on endemic diseases, to provide reference for the scientific and technological layout and policy formulation of the endemiology, to provide reference for the "14th Five-Year Plan" in China, and to provide guarantee for the people in the sick area to seek health.
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Funding of research projects within the category of Endemiology (H2401) funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) from 2010-2019 was summarized in this paper. Granted projects were categorized and analyzed based on the funding type, support institute and disease classification. The characteristics and trends of granted projects supported by NSFC were analyzed and summarized in order to provide reference for researchers to apply for projects in the future.
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Environmental arsenic exposure is a worldwide public health problem. Long-term exposure to inorganic arsenic is closely related to diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and malignant tumors. Different dietary structure and intake of certain specific nutrients may have important effects on the pathogenic effect of arsenic. This article summarizes the effects of dietary nutrients on arsenic toxicity, providing reference for the follow-up arsenic toxicity research and reducing the risk of arsenic-related diseases through nutritional intervention.
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Objective:To analyse the quality control assessment results of arsenic testing laboratories of national endemic disease prevention and control institutions from 2006 to 2020, so as to further strengthen the quality control of arsenic determination in laboratories of national endemic disease prevention and control institutions, and to ensure the accuracy and reliability of national endemic arsenic poisoning monitoring data.Methods:The water arsenic and urinary arsenic test results of arsenic quality control laboratories from 2006 to 2020 were collected and evaluated by Z-ratio scoring method(│Z│≤2 was qualified, 2 < │Z│ < 3 was basically qualified, │Z│≥3 was unqualified), and the qualification rates of water arsenic and urinary arsenic in different years and different provinces were calculated.Results:From 2006 to 2020, the number of laboratories participating in water arsenic quality control in 14 provinces has increased from 25 to 167, and the number of laboratories participating in urinary arsenic quality control increased from 22 to 90. The standard deviation of laboratory assessment samples was relatively stable, all < 0.05 mg/L. The quality control assessment results from 2006 to 2020 were calculated according to │Z│ < 3, the qualified rate of water arsenic ranged from 64.0% to 100.0%, and that in urine was 54.5% to 100.0%. The quality control assessment results from 2009 to 2020 were calculated according to │Z│≤2, the qualified rate of water arsenic was 84.6% - 100.0%, and that in urine was 83.6% - 100.0%. Among the 13 water arsenic assessment results from 2009 to 2020, according to │Z│≤2, provincial laboratories reported all qualified years for 8 times, prefecture, city and county-level laboratories reported all qualified years for 2 times; there were 8 provinces with all qualified laboratories at province level and 3 provinces with all qualified laboratories at prefecture, city and county-level. Among the 13 assessment results of urinary arsenic from 2009 to 2020, according to │Z│≤2, the provincial laboratories reported all qualified years for 6 times, and the prefecture, city and county-level laboratories all qualified for 1 times; there were 6 provinces in which all provincial laboratories were qualified, and there were 6 provinces in which all prefecture, city and county-level laboratories were qualified.Conclusions:The quality control work of laboratories is improving day by day, but there are still some problems in individual links. Laboratories at all levels should continue to strengthen the construction of laboratories and the training of relevant personnel, further improve the theoretical and technical level of inspectors, and continuously improve the detection quality, to make the analysis data more reliable and comparable, so as to ensure the quality of arsenic poisoning prevention and monitoring work.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of gabapentin or topiramate combined with venlafaxine in the treatment of chronic migraine patients with generalized anxiety disorder.Methods:From June 2018 to February 2020, 127 patients with chronic migraine complicated with generalized anxiety disorder in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University were selected. The patients were divided into gabapentin combined with venlafaxine group (observation group, 64 cases) and topiramate combined with venlafaxine group (control group, 63 cases) according to the random number table method, and all patients were treated for 6 months. The headache attack days per month, headache visual analogue scale (VAS), migraine specific quality of life questionnaire V2.1 (MSQ V2.1), headache impact measurement-6 (HIT-6) score, Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) score were recorded before treatment and 3 and 6 months after treatment.Results:In observation group, 57 cases completed 3 months of treatment, and 53 cases completed 6 months of treatment. In the control group, 56 cases completed 3 months of treatment, and 50 cases completed 6 months of treatment. The headache attack days per month, headache VAS, HIT-6 and PSQI 3 and 6 months after treatment in 2 groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, observation group: (16.31 ± 5.02) and (15.69 ± 6.31) d vs. (22.62 ± 3.27) d, (3.67 ± 1.60) and (1.91±1.05) scores vs. (5.09 ± 1.43) scores, (49.34 ± 11.01) and (47.34 ± 9.05) scores vs. (60.25 ± 11.61) scores, (10.09 ± 2.81) and (9.68 ± 2.74) scores vs. (13.50 ± 2.81) scores; control group: (14.58 ± 7.37) and (9.92 ± 5.07) d vs. (23.05 ± 5.24) d, (4.74 ± 1.15) and (3.16 ± 1.60) scores vs. (5.90 ± 2.06) scores, (42.77 ± 8.02) and (40.09 ± 9.72) scores vs. (59.37 ± 9.08) scores, (9.66 ± 2.71) and (8.62 ± 2.07) scores vs. (14.61 ± 2.79) scores, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The headache VAS 3 and 6 months after treatment in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group, and there was statistical difference ( P<0.05). The functional limitations, function loss, emotional function scores and total score of MSQ V2.1 3 and 6 months after treatment in 2 groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, observation group: (17.62 ± 9.81) and (16.01 ± 5.73) scores vs. (36.96 ± 9.55) scores, (12.17 ± 5.60) and (11.09 ± 3.27) scores vs. (17.06 ± 6.08) scores, (8.42 ± 2.17) and (8.94 ± 1.90) scores vs. (11.40 ± 4.09) scores, (33.24 ± 9.61) and (28.62 ± 5.04) scores vs. (62.75 ± 14.02) scores; control group: (17.08 ± 8.73) and (16.79 ± 5.19) scores vs. (36.82 ± 9.68) scores, (9.04 ± 4.48) and (8.90 ± 3.46) scores vs. (17.26 ±6.01) scores, (6.92 ± 2.61) and (5.15 ± 1.74) scores vs. (11.30 ± 5.47) scores, (31.65 ± 9.17) and (30.66 ± 6.04) scores vs. (62.91 ± 11.18) scores, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the effective rate and the incidence of adverse drug reactions 3 and 6 months after treatment between 2 groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Gabapentin or topiramate combined with venlafaxine can reduce the degree of headache in chronic migraine patients with generalized anxiety disorder, reduce the number of headache days per month, improve sleep and improve the quality of life. However, the adverse reactions of gabapentin still need to be paid more attention.
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Objective:To establish a method for preparing urine arsenic quality control samples and verify its uniformity and stability.Methods:Urine samples of healthy adults were collected, concentrated and then freeze-dried using a freeze dryer. The freeze-dried samples were subjected to atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry to determine the arsenic content. The method was verified from the uniformity, stability, determination of different detection methods, and the fixed value of urine arsenic content.Results:The linear correlation coefficient of the standard curve of the method was 0.999 7. The variation coefficients of arsenic content after freeze-dried of urine samples were all < 5%. The uniformity test results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the arsenic content between bottles of low and high concentration samples ( t = 1.09, 1.53, P > 0.05), and the sample uniformity was good. The stability test results show that the decline rate of the freeze-dried samples of high and low concentrations stored ≤360 days was less than 10%, and the stability was good at room temperature. Atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) were used for the arsenic content determination of high and low concentration samples, and there was no significant difference between the two methods ( P > 0.05). The results of determination of arsenic content in urine of 14 provinces and 86 cities and counties showed that the low concentration was (0.028 ± 0.002) mg/L and the high concentration was (0.113 ± 0.008) mg/L. Conclusion:The uniformity and stability of the freeze-dried urine arsenic quality control samples can meet the external quality control requirements of the laboratory in endemic disease prevention and monitoring.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of combined exposure of arsenic and high-fat diet (HFD) on serum adiponectin in mice.Methods:According to the 2 × 3 factorial design, a total of 90 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups using random number table method based on body weight (16-22 g): standard diet (STD) control group, STD+ 5 mg/L arsenic group, STD+ 50 mg/L arsenic group, HFD control group, HFD+ 5 mg/L arsenic group and HFD+ 50 mg/L arsenic group. There were 15 mice in each group, and sodium arsenite (NaAsO 2) was added to the drinking water. Mice were accessed freely to water and fed ad libitum. After 17 weeks, urine samples, fasting blood samples and adipose tissue were collected. Urinary arsenic was determined by atomic fluorescence. Blood glucose meter was used to measure blood glucose. Levels of blood lipid contents, including serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL)-c, were examined by kit enzymatic method. Levels of insulin, total adiponectin and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results:There was no interaction between arsenic exposure and HFD on the effects of blood glucose and blood lipids ( P > 0.05). There was an interaction between these two factors on serum insulin and total adiponectin ( P < 0.05). HFD can significantly increase blood glucose, serum TC levels ( P < 0.05), but not TG and HDL-c in mice ( P > 0.05). The levels of TG and HDL-c in STD+ 50 mg/L arsenic group were significantly decreased as compared to those of STD control group (mmol/L: 0.72 ± 0.14 vs 0.88 ± 0.24, 0.67 ± 0.03 vs 0.80 ± 0.16, P < 0.05). Compared with STD control group, there was no significant difference in serum insulin level in HFD control group and STD+ 5 or 50 mg/L arsenic groups ( P > 0.05), but insulin levels in HFD+ 5 or 50 mg/L arsenic groups were significantly decreased (mU/L: 14.71 ± 4.16 vs 11.42 ± 0.78, 11.52 ± 1.53, P < 0.05). Compared with STD control group, serum total adiponectin, HMW adiponectin levels, and the ratio of HMW adiponectin to total adiponectin were significantly reduced in HFD control group and STD+ 5 or 50 mg/L arsenic groups ( P < 0.05). In HFD+ 5 mg/L arsenic group, the above indexes of adiponectin were significantly higher than those of the HFD control group ( P < 0.05). In STD groups, an inverse relationship was observed between log transformed urinary total arsenic concentrations and serum levels of total adiponectin and HMW partial correlation coefficient ( r=- 0.549,-0.608, P < 0.01). Conclusions:Both arsenic exposure and HFD can alter glucose and lipid metabolism in mice, but their manifestations are different. Arsenic exposure and HFD can synergistically reduce serum insulin levels, and have an antagonism on serum adiponectin.
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Arsenic is an environmental toxicant. Chronic exposure to arsenic has been suggested being related to multiple diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived hormone with multiple effects, such as anti-atherosclerotic, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities, plays important roles in the development of many diseases, especially in those related to glucolipid metabolism. The change of adiponectin level caused by arsenic exposure may be an important link of health damage caused by arsenic, especially in diseases related to glucolipid disorders.